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LESSON 4. NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

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According to McConnell, (2003), nonverbal communication is behavior, other than spoken or written communication, that creates or represents meaning. In other words, it includes facial expressions, body movements, and gestures. Nonverbal communication is talking without speaking a word. It is very effective, maybe even more so than speech. As the saying goes, "action speak louder than words" Speech contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, including voice quality, rate, pitch, volume, and speaking style, as well prosodic features such as rhythm, intonation, and stress. On the other hand, written texts have nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words, or the physical layout of a page. However, much of the study of nonverbal communication has focused on face-to-face interaction, where it can be classified into three principal areas: environmental conditions where communication takes place, physical characteristics of the communicato

LESSON 3. WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

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In written communication, written signs or symbols are used to communicate. A written message maybe printed or hand written. In written communication message can be transmitted via, letter, report, memo, reports, bulletins, job descriptions, employee manuals, and electronic mail are the types of written communication used for internal communication. For communicating with external environment in writing, electronic mail, Internet Web sites, letters, proposals, telegrams, faxes, postcards, contracts, advertisements, brochures, and news releases are used (Wenbin Nah, 2008). Message, in written communication, is influenced by the vocabulary and grammar used, writing style, precision and clarity of the language used. Written Communication is most common form of communication being used in business. Written communication has various advantages and disadvantages as explained here under:- Advantages of written communication i. Written communication is good for complicated and vital in

LESSON 2. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

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Types of Communication As aforementioned, communication is a process of exchanging information, ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions through speech, signals, writing, or behavior. In communication process, a sender (encoder) encodes a message and then using a medium/channel sends it to the receiver (decoder) who decodes the message and after processing information, sends back appropriate feedback/reply using a medium/channel. People communicate with each other in a number of ways that depend upon the message and its context in which it is being sent.  Choice of communication channel and your style of communicating also affect communication.  Types of communication based on the communication channels used are: There are two types of communication based on channel; verbal communication and nonverbal communication.  Verbal Communication Verbal communication refers to the form of communication in which message is transmitted verball

LESSON 1. INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION SKILLS

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Defining the Term Communication: Since communication happens around us all the time, the process is often taken for granted. A large amount of time is spent communicating hence there is need to make sure that ideas and information are put in a way that everyone involved can understand. Thinking about what to say, working out the best way of saying it, finding the right words, making sure the other person understands and understanding anything he\she says in reply are all vital stages in communication  Communication comes from the Latin  "communis", which means "common" When we communicate, we are trying to establish "commonness" with someone. That is, we are trying to share information, an idea or an attitude (Schramm, 1993). Looking further, you can find this type of definition: "Communications is the mechanism through which human relations exist and develop" (Schramm 1993). Carl Hovland, a well-known psychologist defined communic